I agree with this point of view. However I think an underrated factor is also the role of entrepreneurs who have an outsized impact on a particular space especially with respect to firm to firm connections, trade relationships and ultimately industrial policy. Especially in a place Nigeria, bureaucrats heavily lean on them for policy direction. Ebehi Iyoha does a good job at talking about these issues in her research : https://www.hbs.edu/news/articles/Pages/ebehi-iyoha.aspx
Entrepreneurs are invaluable partners in sectoral coordination in industrial policy. But the state, acting through bureaucratic agents still have define the goals and structure the incentives.
"It implies that the effectiveness of industrial policies is not solely determined by the policies themselves but significantly influenced by the individuals who implement them."
I will keep saying this: management is not free entry. Just like having two hands and two legs doesn't mean you can do agriculture. Farming as we know it is different from agriculture as a government policy.
This is the most important statement; "not just the result of well-crafted policies on paper but also of the effective execution of these policies by competent and motivated bureaucrats."
Unfortunately, in Nigeria, every government post-OBJ has failed at it. Buhari's being the worst. Terribly-crafted policies with highly incompetent and corrupt bureaucrats executing them. Case in point, the ministry of humanitarian affairs.
A good pointer to this is this excerpt I found in a Punch article
“It was the DCP that was pushing for the payment of the subscription but he is no longer in charge of the technical unit. So, the tracker stopped working because it requires GSM connection to work and the police authorities have refused to renew the subscription.”
You need civil servants/public officials to effectively carry out policies. What happens when they're incentivised to sabotage the country at the slightest opportunity? I've been reading stories about kidnapping and in some cases they are supplied food by helicopters, tell me you don't know the security establishment is in on this racket. One article I read called it an organized crime.
I agree with this point of view. However I think an underrated factor is also the role of entrepreneurs who have an outsized impact on a particular space especially with respect to firm to firm connections, trade relationships and ultimately industrial policy. Especially in a place Nigeria, bureaucrats heavily lean on them for policy direction. Ebehi Iyoha does a good job at talking about these issues in her research : https://www.hbs.edu/news/articles/Pages/ebehi-iyoha.aspx
Entrepreneurs are invaluable partners in sectoral coordination in industrial policy. But the state, acting through bureaucratic agents still have define the goals and structure the incentives.
"It implies that the effectiveness of industrial policies is not solely determined by the policies themselves but significantly influenced by the individuals who implement them."
I will keep saying this: management is not free entry. Just like having two hands and two legs doesn't mean you can do agriculture. Farming as we know it is different from agriculture as a government policy.
This is the most important statement; "not just the result of well-crafted policies on paper but also of the effective execution of these policies by competent and motivated bureaucrats."
Unfortunately, in Nigeria, every government post-OBJ has failed at it. Buhari's being the worst. Terribly-crafted policies with highly incompetent and corrupt bureaucrats executing them. Case in point, the ministry of humanitarian affairs.
A good pointer to this is this excerpt I found in a Punch article
“It was the DCP that was pushing for the payment of the subscription but he is no longer in charge of the technical unit. So, the tracker stopped working because it requires GSM connection to work and the police authorities have refused to renew the subscription.”
https://punchng.com/kidnapping-epidemic-tracking-device-shortage-hindering-police-probes-sources/
You need civil servants/public officials to effectively carry out policies. What happens when they're incentivised to sabotage the country at the slightest opportunity? I've been reading stories about kidnapping and in some cases they are supplied food by helicopters, tell me you don't know the security establishment is in on this racket. One article I read called it an organized crime.
https://punchng.com/how-defective-sim-card-tracking-promotes-booming-kidnapping-business-ii/
Excellent. You have hit the nail on the head.